Which method includes the use of controlled sections for a more precise color application?

The method that includes the use of controlled sections for a more precise color application is foiling. This technique involves using small sections of hair that are isolated and secured within foil sheets. This allows for a more targeted application of color, enabling the stylist to achieve specific highlights or dimensional effects while minimizing the risk of color bleed and ensuring even saturation.

Foiling provides a clearer boundary for each section, allowing the stylist to manipulate the lightness or darkness of each piece of hair more accurately. This precision is particularly beneficial for clients seeking defined highlights or lowlights, as it allows for detailed work and control over the final look.

In contrast, while balayage is a freehand technique that creates soft, natural-looking highlights, it does not rely on controlled sections, making it less precise than foiling. All-over color applies a single shade uniformly across the entire head of hair, which lacks the detail and dimensionality that foiling can achieve. Permanent waving, on the other hand, involves the use of chemicals to create curls and does not pertain to color application at all.